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三種基本虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法講解
2021-01-25 09:38 | 編輯:川外外語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)中心 來(lái)自:未知
虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、猜疑、建議或與事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)等,而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是由句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式表示出來(lái)的。
虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要分為與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反以及與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反三個(gè)種類。讓我們一一來(lái)看下它們的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法吧!
1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況
從句:If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)(Be動(dòng)詞用were)
主句:主語(yǔ)+ should/would/might/could+do:
eg:If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你,我會(huì)帶把傘。(事實(shí):我不可能是你)
If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.
如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼,我就會(huì)告訴你。(事實(shí):不知道)
If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.
如果我?guī)уX了,我就會(huì)借給你些。(事實(shí):沒(méi)有帶錢)
2、表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況
從句:If+主語(yǔ)+had+done
主句:主語(yǔ)+should/would/might/could+have done
eg:If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.
如果我早到那兒,我就會(huì)見到她。(事實(shí):去晚了)
If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他聽我的勸告的話,就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。
(事實(shí):沒(méi)有聽我的話)
3、表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反
從句:①if+主語(yǔ)+were to do
②if+主語(yǔ)+should+do
③if+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)
主句:主語(yǔ)+should/would/might/could+do
eg:If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一來(lái)這兒的話,我就會(huì)告訴她這件事的始末。(事實(shí):來(lái)的可能性很小,不可能)
If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
如果他明天來(lái)這兒的話,我就跟他談?wù)。(事?shí):來(lái)的可能性很小,不可能)
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would go skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我們就去滑冰。(事實(shí):下雪可能性很小,不可能)
除了以上三種主要情況,虛擬語(yǔ)氣還有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)和用法哦。
1、 當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were,should,had時(shí),if可以省略,這時(shí)從句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序,即把were,should,had等詞置于句首,這種多用于書面語(yǔ)。
eg:Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
要是他答應(yīng)去的話,我們就派他去了。
Were she here,she would agree with us.
如果她在這兒的話,她會(huì)同意我們的。
Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
如果他懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話,我們已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了。
2、非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來(lái),只暗含在副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、上下文或其他方式表示出來(lái),這種句子叫做含蓄條件句,在多數(shù)情況下,條件會(huì)暗含在短語(yǔ)中,如without…,but for…(要不是因?yàn)?..)等
eg:
But for his help,we would be working now.
要不是他的幫助,我們還會(huì)在工作呢。
Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.
要是沒(méi)有你的指導(dǎo),我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。
We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我們不知道他的電話號(hào)碼,否則我們就會(huì)給他打電話。
3、 有時(shí),虛擬條件語(yǔ)氣的從句中,主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè),來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。
①省略從句
He would have finished it.
他本該完成了。
You could have passed this exam.
你本能通過(guò)這次考試的。
②省略主句
If I were at home now.
要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。
If only I had got it.
我要是得到它了該多好啊。
4.注意,在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中,動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一律用were,不用was。
If I were you,I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就會(huì)去找他。

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