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在SAT三個(gè)部分(閱讀、數(shù)學(xué)和寫作)中，閱讀難度大，依靠強(qiáng)大的詞匯量和理解能力，數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)于中國學(xué)生來說很簡單，容易得高分或者滿分，所以要取得總分2100以上或者總分提高200分以上的話，寫作起著最重要的作用。原因是寫作分為一篇作文和語法題，分?jǐn)?shù)分別為800分的30%和70%，同時(shí)語法題的出題和解題規(guī)律性極強(qiáng)，所以從語法題上提分最容易、最有效。本文分為語法題的解題規(guī)律和難題突破兩個(gè)方面，希望能對(duì)SAT考生有所幫助。

　　找錯(cuò)題VS 改錯(cuò)題

　　句子找錯(cuò)題(ISE)和句子改錯(cuò)題(IS)考察的知識(shí)側(cè)重點(diǎn)和能力不盡相同，考生只有區(qū)別性的對(duì)待和總結(jié)這兩種題型，才能游刃有余。句子找錯(cuò)題雖然看起來題目簡短，但是難度很大，特別是國際高中的學(xué)生或者沒有系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)過語法的學(xué)生對(duì)這類題非常頭疼，因?yàn)榭忌鷷?huì)覺得4個(gè)劃線部分都沒有錯(cuò)，只能跟著感覺走。拿下這種題，需要扎實(shí)的語法基本功，并且要掌握這類題的兩個(gè)出題原則，一個(gè)是“寬容原則”，當(dāng)考生覺得四個(gè)劃線部分，也就是A，B，C，D都沒有明顯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，要果斷的選擇E(No error)，當(dāng)考生認(rèn)為某個(gè)選項(xiàng)可改可不改時(shí)，就不要改，也就是不能用對(duì)的改對(duì)的。這個(gè)原則要和另一個(gè)原則搭配使用：當(dāng)考生在動(dòng)詞或代詞選項(xiàng)和E選項(xiàng)中不知如何選擇時(shí)，一定要選擇動(dòng)詞或代詞的選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗鼈兪亲畲蟮?ldquo;嫌疑犯”，大部分題目都考動(dòng)詞和代詞的錯(cuò)誤;當(dāng)考生在短語搭配和E選項(xiàng)中無法選擇時(shí)，建議選擇E選項(xiàng)。下面看一個(gè)句子找錯(cuò)題：

　　In many parts of the world where (A) grasses cover vast expanses of land, periodic, controlled burning is practiced (B) in order to keep woody brush from gaining (C) a foothold and it stimulates (D) continuing grass growth. No error (E)本題句意比較難理解，有些考生在沒有完全理解透句意的時(shí)候也會(huì)覺得D選項(xiàng)的it可能指代controlled burning，但是按照剛才第二個(gè)原則，代詞劃線了，就不要放過這個(gè)嫌疑犯，所以答案應(yīng)該選擇D，按照句意，正確表達(dá)應(yīng)改為from stimulating

　　句子改錯(cuò)題就是另一番風(fēng)景了，而且規(guī)律較多，主要有“不做大手術(shù)”、不一定選最短、“見光生和見光死”等原則。“不做大手術(shù)”，意思就是不在萬不得已的情況下，不要對(duì)原句進(jìn)行翻天覆地的改變;很多題目特別是考并列平行知識(shí)點(diǎn)的題目，答案往往不是選最短的，所以大家不要看到最短就選;“見光生”指的是同位語，只要選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)同位語，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)必然是正確的;如下是幾個(gè)見光死的例子： one’s doing, the doing, because of doing, considering that, in that, being that, …is because, …is why，改錯(cuò)題出現(xiàn)這些表達(dá)，此選項(xiàng)一定錯(cuò)誤。下面結(jié)合這幾個(gè)原則看一個(gè)難題：

　　Lois has learned more about Arna Bontemps’ writings than the rest of us because of being her favorite author.

　　(A) us because of being her favorite author

　　(B) us; this is the result of Bontemps’ being her favorite author

　　(C) us because Bontemps is her favorite author

　　(D) us as a result of Bontemps’ being her favorite author

　　(E) us since Bontemps is her favorite as an author

　　本題劃線部分出現(xiàn)見光死because of doing,直接排除，同理B、D選項(xiàng)的Bontemps’ doing也是見光死，C和E中選擇簡潔的C選項(xiàng)。

　　難題突破

　　一般說來，容易出錯(cuò)的題要么是那些錯(cuò)誤隱蔽的題，要么是涉及到平日考生不夠熟悉的知識(shí)點(diǎn)的題目，這些題目考生會(huì)在做官方指南和真題冊(cè)時(shí)碰到，平時(shí)應(yīng)注意總結(jié)。我把難題的考法總結(jié)為以下幾類：固定搭配，代詞不劃線，“潛規(guī)則”，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，虛擬語氣。下面舉幾個(gè)難題的例子：

　　1. Winston Churchill, unlike (A) many English prime ministers before him (B), had deep insight into (C) the workings of (D) the human mind. No error (E)

　　本題很多考生會(huì)選擇C或者D，但是按照剛才講過的原則，不要隨便找短語搭配的錯(cuò)誤以及復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般沒有錯(cuò)，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都排除了，應(yīng)該選E。做完這個(gè)題后，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)總結(jié)固定搭配insight into,以及workings是運(yùn)行原理的意思。

　　2. Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, he failed to keep either of them after the election.

　　A. Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, he

　　B. The candidate, having promised both to cut taxes and improve services,

　　C. Although the candidate made promises both to cut taxes and improve services, he

　　D. Having promised, first, to cut taxes and, second, to improve services, the candidate

　　E. The candidate’s promises were both to cut taxes and improve services, he

　　本題考點(diǎn)非常隱蔽，導(dǎo)致考生選擇A(No error).但是讀完這個(gè)題干以后，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)句末有一個(gè)keep either of them的表達(dá)，代詞them沒有劃線，但是仍然擺脫不了最大嫌疑犯的罪名，其實(shí)這個(gè)them應(yīng)該指代promises, 但是上文沒有名詞promises，所以應(yīng)選擇C。

　　3. Although he played a leading role in planning spacecraft expeditions, Dr. Carl Sagan refused to accept praise for the plans he designed nor otherwise profiting from later advancements in space exploration.

　　A. designed nor otherwise profiting

　　B. had designed nor otherwise did he profit

　　C. has designed nor otherwise to have profited

　　D. designed or otherwise profited

　　E. had designed or otherwise to profit

　　對(duì)于本題，首先應(yīng)該掌握or otherwise這個(gè)搭配，另外結(jié)合課上講的虛擬語氣大三標(biāo)志之一的otherwise識(shí)別出此題考察虛擬語氣，而且是和過去事實(shí)不符，所以動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用had done，答案應(yīng)該選擇E。