托福聽(tīng)力是童鞋們普遍覺(jué)得提分困難的單項(xiàng)之一,也一直有“得聽(tīng)力者得托福”的說(shuō)法,很多童鞋精聽(tīng)泛聽(tīng)各種練習(xí)都沒(méi)少做,聽(tīng)力分?jǐn)?shù)卻總是原地不動(dòng)甚至倒退,那么到底是什么阻礙了我們聽(tīng)力水平與分?jǐn)?shù)的提高呢?川外培訓(xùn)小編帶大家梳理一下造成托福聽(tīng)力低分的七大因素,大家可以結(jié)合自身備考實(shí)踐,進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性地練習(xí)與總結(jié)。
一、原文信息漏聽(tīng)
這是比較常見(jiàn)的一種錯(cuò)誤原因,在聽(tīng)音過(guò)程中,由于種種原因?qū)е驴键c(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)漏聽(tīng),種種原因可能包括:
1.聽(tīng)音基礎(chǔ)不好,比如單詞量少,語(yǔ)法差導(dǎo)致各種聽(tīng)不懂
2.由于聽(tīng)力材料語(yǔ)速較快,思路跟不上語(yǔ)速
3.由于外界干擾走神兒或者習(xí)慣性注意力不集中
解決方法:
1.做聽(tīng)寫(xiě)、背單詞、學(xué)語(yǔ)法提升基礎(chǔ)聽(tīng)音能力
2.做跟讀模仿提升信息處理速度
做連續(xù)聽(tīng)音練習(xí)提升聽(tīng)音耐力或做抗干擾練習(xí),比如做聽(tīng)力時(shí),同時(shí)播放英文電視廣播等
二、選項(xiàng)中的單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)
選項(xiàng)中的單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)直接導(dǎo)致選項(xiàng)無(wú)法正常翻譯理解。
舉個(gè)例子:
Why does the professor discuss refugia? (Click on 2 answers)
A. To explain that the location of coralwithin a reef affects the coral's ability to survive
B. To point out why some coral species aremore susceptible to bleaching than others
C. To suggest that bleaching is not asdetrimental to coral health as first thought
D. To illustrate the importance of studyingcoral that has a low vulnerability of bleaching
這道題B選項(xiàng)中的susceptible,C選項(xiàng)中的detrimental,D選項(xiàng)中的vulnerability很多同學(xué)不認(rèn)識(shí),不知其意,所以在選擇答案時(shí)出現(xiàn)困難。
解決方式:
課后通過(guò)單詞書(shū)大量積累詞匯,做題時(shí)在文章中和選項(xiàng)中積累生詞,形成自己的生詞本。
三、選項(xiàng)翻譯錯(cuò)誤
由于對(duì)句子成分辨識(shí)不清,導(dǎo)致翻譯出錯(cuò)。
舉個(gè)例子:
What point do the speakersmake about the background of The Dreamer?
A. It is a good example ofBeaux's unusual style of brushstroke.
B.It resembles the backgrounds ofother Beaux portraits.
C.Its lack of clarity emphasizesthe theme of the painting.
D.It is meant to suggest thatthe woman is in a dark room.
這道題的正確答案為C,正確翻譯是:缺少清晰度的背景強(qiáng)調(diào)了這幅畫(huà)的主題
很多同學(xué)把這句話中的lack看成了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,翻譯成:背景沒(méi)有清晰的強(qiáng)調(diào)這幅畫(huà)的主題,和正確的翻譯截然相反,導(dǎo)致選錯(cuò)。
解決方法:
仔細(xì)研究語(yǔ)法,確定好詞性和句子成分。
四、形近詞看錯(cuò)
由于把選項(xiàng)中的形近詞看混,或者把某個(gè)詞看成另外一個(gè)形近詞,導(dǎo)致理解錯(cuò)誤。
舉個(gè)例子:
What is the lecture mainly about?
A.The environmental effects of heap roasting
B. The reforestation efforts in the Copper Basin
C. The process of mining and producing copper
D. Damages caused during an attempt to clean up industrial waste
有部分同學(xué)把AB選項(xiàng)中的effect和effort看混,或者把B選項(xiàng)中的reforestation看成deforestation,導(dǎo)致理解的意思截然不同,所以選錯(cuò)。
解決方法:
仔細(xì)審題審選項(xiàng),二次檢查。
五、沒(méi)有關(guān)注單詞復(fù)數(shù)
在內(nèi)容主旨題中,做主語(yǔ)的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)有截然不同的意義,如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞則意味著這篇講座必須講解多個(gè)事物或者從多角度多方面講解某個(gè)事物,如果此篇講座只講解了單一事物或一個(gè)方面,則復(fù)數(shù)選項(xiàng)為錯(cuò),很多同學(xué)沒(méi)有仔細(xì)關(guān)注單復(fù)數(shù)的變化,導(dǎo)致選錯(cuò)。
舉個(gè)例子:
What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. An architect from the United States and a house design she created
B. The disadvantage of houses based on a square design
C. Difficulties faced by residential architects in the nineteenth century
D. Women who had a major influence on architecture in the United States
這道題的正確答案為A,很多同學(xué)選D,D選項(xiàng)的主語(yǔ)是women,而這篇講座只講了一個(gè)女建筑師的事情,所以排除D。
解決方法
仔細(xì)辨識(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)合原文綜合思考。
六、由于某個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞而選擇該答案
托福聽(tīng)力陷阱選項(xiàng)中有一種迷惑型極強(qiáng)的選項(xiàng),里面包含了原文中的某些關(guān)鍵詞,但是整句話做了細(xì)節(jié)篡改導(dǎo)致似是而非,有些同學(xué)由于只看到關(guān)鍵詞而沒(méi)有仔細(xì)翻譯整個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思就做出選擇導(dǎo)致選錯(cuò)。
舉個(gè)例子:
What characteristic of no to the nioids helps them survive in subfreezing temperatures?
A. They maintain an unusually high body temperature.
B. A special tissue in their eyes enables them to see through ice.
C. Special proteins make their blood circulate too fast to freeze.
D. Ice crystals in their bodies are prevented from growing large enough to harm them.
這道題原文中的表述是no to the nioids這種南極魚(yú)由于體內(nèi)有某種蛋白質(zhì)導(dǎo)致它們能在零度以下的水溫里生存,很多同學(xué)看到C選項(xiàng)中的proteins直接選擇了改答案,但是整句話中對(duì)proteins的解釋和原文是不符的,是典型的細(xì)節(jié)迷惑型選項(xiàng),正確答案為D,對(duì)proteins的正確解釋。
解決方法:
了解這種細(xì)節(jié)迷惑型選項(xiàng)的普遍存在性,注意解題時(shí)精確思考避讓。
七、對(duì)題型的解題思路不熟
由于對(duì)題型的解題思路理解不透徹,不遵守,主觀排除正確答案。
舉個(gè)例子:
What had the man assumed about human impact on the environment?
A. That human impact on the environment is difficult to measure
B. That humans have only recently had an impact on the environment
C. That human impact on the environment is always harmful
D. That human impact on the environment cannot be avoided
這道題正確答案是C,很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為C選項(xiàng)的描述過(guò)于絕對(duì)或者不符合事實(shí)所以直接主觀排除,但是這道題的題干是一道轉(zhuǎn)述型細(xì)節(jié)題,即問(wèn)的是文中的男生過(guò)去認(rèn)為人類對(duì)環(huán)境的影響是什么情況?C選項(xiàng)確實(shí)是原文中男生的想法。
解決方法
仔細(xì)研究托福聽(tīng)力部分的7種題型,遵守相應(yīng)的解題原則。
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